World’s Most Beautiful Cathedrals List Best 15

In medieval Europe, religion held a high level of influence. In some countries, the pope’s authority surpassed that of kings or lords, allowing the pope to make key national decisions or preside over trials. As a result, cathedrals built during that era were constructed to be lavish, majestic, or intricately detailed to showcase that power. So, what are the most beautiful cathedrals in the world? There are so many around the globe that it’s impossible to introduce them all, so I’ve focused on those most frequently mentioned in various sources, along with ones that have historical and traditional significance.

*Note: The order is not ranked.

1. Germany, Cologne Cathedral

The first of the world’s most beautiful cathedrals I’d like to introduce is Cologne Cathedral in Germany. Its very existence proves the prosperity of Christianity in Europe. Construction began in 1248 and took a staggering 600 years to complete. According to UNESCO, “This balanced and perfectly constructed cathedral is unique to Cologne.” As such, Cologne Cathedral is a source of pride for Germany and a landmark of Cologne

2. Russia, St. Basil’s Cathedral

St. Basil’s Cathedral is located in Moscow’s Red Square, Russia. It was built by Ivan the Terrible in 1555 to commemorate a victory in war. It’s famous for its colorful onion domes, which resemble flames rising to the sky. Interestingly, the cathedral’s name comes from a saint buried nearby, not the architect. After completion, Ivan reportedly blinded the architect to prevent him from building anything more beautiful.

3. Vatican City, St. Peter’s Basilica

St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City is the largest church in the world. Construction started in 1506 and took 120 years to finish. It can accommodate 60,000 people and features Michelangelo’s Pietà, the dome he designed, and Bernini’s Baldachin. As the heart of Catholicism, it’s a must-visit for pilgrims.

4. Spain, Santiago de Compostela Cathedral

Santiago de Compostela Cathedral in Spain is a Romanesque structure built in 1075. It’s the endpoint of the famous Camino de Santiago pilgrimage and houses the relics of St. James. The cathedral has endured fires, earthquakes, and wars but remains a key pilgrimage site. Legend says it was built after a shepherd discovered St. James’ tomb guided by stars.

5. Spain, Seville Cathedral

Seville Cathedral in Spain is the largest Gothic cathedral in the world. Built in 1401, it features a minaret-turned-bell-tower from its mosque origins. It houses Christopher Columbus’ tomb and is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Legend claims the architects said, “Let’s build something so grand that future generations will think us mad.”

6. Italy, Milan Cathedral

Milan Cathedral in Italy is a Gothic masterpiece started in 1386 and completed in 1965. It features 135 spires, 3,400 statues, and intricate marble work. The rooftop offers panoramic views, and it’s home to the Holy Nail relic. It’s a symbol of Milan and a must-see for visitors.

7. Italy, Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral

Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, Italy, is famous for Brunelleschi’s dome, completed in 1436. Construction began in 1296, blending Gothic and Renaissance styles. The dome’s engineering was revolutionary, using no scaffolding. It’s a UNESCO site and a highlight of Florence.

8. Czech Republic, St. Vitus Cathedral

St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague Castle, Czech Republic, began in 1344 and took 600 years to complete. It’s a Gothic gem housing royal tombs and the Bohemian Crown Jewels. The stained glass windows, including one by Mucha, are stunning.

9. France, Notre-Dame Cathedral

Notre-Dame in Paris, France, started in 1163 and exemplifies French Gothic architecture. Famous for its gargoyles, rose windows, and flying buttresses, it suffered a 2019 fire but is being restored. It’s a cultural icon, featured in literature like Hugo’s novel.

10. France, Reims Notre-Dame Cathedral

Reims Notre-Dame in France, built in 1211, is where French kings were crowned. It features over 2,300 statues and beautiful stained glass. Damaged in WWI, it was restored and is a UNESCO site symbolizing French history.

11. USA, St. Patrick’s Cathedral

St. Patrick’s Cathedral in New York City, USA, opened in 1879 in Neo-Gothic style. It seats 2,400 and features stunning stained glass and altars. As a landmark on Fifth Avenue, it’s a hub for Catholic events.

12. Canada, Notre-Dame de Montréal Basilica

Notre-Dame Basilica in Montreal, Canada, built in 1824, boasts a richly decorated interior with gold stars and colorful motifs. The architect converted to Catholicism after its completion. It’s a national historic site.

13. Mexico, Metropolitan Cathedral

Mexico City’s Metropolitan Cathedral, started in 1573, blends architectural styles over 240 years of construction. Built on Aztec ruins, it’s the largest in Latin America and a UNESCO site.

14. Brazil, Brasília Metropolitan Cathedral

Brasília Cathedral in Brazil, designed by Niemeyer in 1970, features a hyperbolic structure with 16 concrete columns. The interior includes angelic sculptures and colorful stained glass. It’s a modern architectural marvel.

15. Ecuador, Voto Nacional Basilica

Voto Nacional Basilica in Quito, Ecuador, began in 1887 and remains unfinished. It features Ecuadorian flora and fauna as gargoyles. Local legend says the world will end upon its completion… perhaps just an excuse to avoid finishing. Haha.

What started as a light topic took longer than expected. These beautiful cathedrals seem worth visiting for travel, but given their cultural and historical depth, categorizing under “culture” might be better. It was enjoyable learning these facts while writing. I recommend giving it a read—I’ve compiled the essentials from various sources!